在焦化行業(yè)中，發(fā)電機如同穩(wěn)定生產(chǎn)的 “電力心臟”，而電壓穩(wěn)定則是這顆心臟健康跳動的關(guān)鍵指標(biāo)。一旦電壓出現(xiàn)波動，不僅會影響焦化生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的正常運行，還可能引發(fā)用電設(shè)備損壞等連鎖反應(yīng)。想要讓焦化發(fā)電機輸出的電壓保持正常，需要從設(shè)備選型、運行調(diào)控到維護管理多管齊下，構(gòu)建起全方位的保障體系。

　　In the coking industry, generators are like the "power heart" for stable production, and voltage stability is a key indicator for the healthy beating of this heart. Once the voltage fluctuates, it will not only affect the normal operation of coking production equipment, but may also cause chain reactions such as damage to electrical equipment. To maintain the normal output voltage of coking generators, it is necessary to build a comprehensive guarantee system from equipment selection, operation regulation to maintenance management.

　　精準(zhǔn)選型：為電壓穩(wěn)定奠定基礎(chǔ)

　　Accurate selection: laying the foundation for voltage stability

　　發(fā)電機的選型是保障電壓穩(wěn)定的第一步。在焦化廠復(fù)雜的用電環(huán)境下，應(yīng)優(yōu)先選擇調(diào)壓性能優(yōu)異的機型。具備自動調(diào)壓功能的發(fā)電機，內(nèi)置的自動電壓調(diào)節(jié)器（AVR）能實時監(jiān)測輸出電壓，并根據(jù)負載變化自動調(diào)整勵磁電流。當(dāng)負載增加導(dǎo)致電壓下降時，AVR 迅速加大勵磁電流，提升發(fā)電機的感應(yīng)電動勢，從而使電壓回升；反之，負載減少時，AVR 則降低勵磁電流，防止電壓過高。此外，選擇合適容量的發(fā)電機也至關(guān)重要。若發(fā)電機容量過小，在焦化設(shè)備滿負荷運行時，會因過載導(dǎo)致電壓大幅跌落；容量過大則會造成資源浪費，且空載時易出現(xiàn)電壓偏高的情況。需根據(jù)焦化廠內(nèi)設(shè)備的總功率、啟動電流等參數(shù)，合理計算并選擇匹配的發(fā)電機容量，為電壓穩(wěn)定運行筑牢根基。

　　The selection of generators is the first step in ensuring voltage stability. In the complex electrical environment of coking plants, priority should be given to selecting models with excellent voltage regulation performance. A generator with automatic voltage regulation function has a built-in automatic voltage regulator (AVR) that can monitor the output voltage in real time and automatically adjust the excitation current according to load changes. When the load increases and the voltage drops, the AVR quickly increases the excitation current, enhances the induced electromotive force of the generator, and thus causes the voltage to rise again; On the contrary, when the load decreases, the AVR reduces the excitation current to prevent excessive voltage. In addition, selecting a generator of appropriate capacity is also crucial. If the capacity of the generator is too small, during full load operation of the coking equipment, the voltage will drop significantly due to overload; If the capacity is too large, it will cause resource waste, and it is easy to have high voltage when unloaded. It is necessary to reasonably calculate and select the matching generator capacity based on the total power, starting current and other parameters of the equipment in the coking plant, in order to lay a solid foundation for stable voltage operation.

　　智能調(diào)控：動態(tài)應(yīng)對電壓波動

　　Intelligent regulation: dynamically responding to voltage fluctuations

　　在發(fā)電機運行過程中，通過智能調(diào)控手段實時應(yīng)對電壓變化。一方面，優(yōu)化負載分配策略。焦化廠內(nèi)各類設(shè)備的啟動和運行具有不同的用電特性，可利用智能配電系統(tǒng)，將大功率設(shè)備的啟動時間錯開，避免集中啟動造成瞬間電流激增、電壓驟降。同時，根據(jù)設(shè)備的優(yōu)先級和重要程度，合理分配電力資源，優(yōu)先保障關(guān)鍵生產(chǎn)設(shè)備的穩(wěn)定供電。另一方面，借助先進的監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)實時采集發(fā)電機的電壓、電流、頻率等運行參數(shù)，并通過數(shù)據(jù)分析模型預(yù)測電壓變化趨勢。一旦監(jiān)測到電壓偏離正常范圍，系統(tǒng)立即發(fā)出預(yù)警，并自動調(diào)整發(fā)電機的運行參數(shù)，如調(diào)節(jié)原動機轉(zhuǎn)速、優(yōu)化勵磁系統(tǒng)控制策略等，實現(xiàn)電壓的快速恢復(fù)與穩(wěn)定。

　　During the operation of the generator, real-time response to voltage changes is achieved through intelligent control measures. On the one hand, optimize the load distribution strategy. The start-up and operation of various equipment in the coking plant have different electrical characteristics. The intelligent power distribution system can be used to stagger the start-up time of high-power equipment, avoiding sudden current surges and voltage drops caused by centralized start-up. Meanwhile, based on the priority and importance of the equipment, allocate power resources reasonably and prioritize ensuring stable power supply for key production equipment. On the other hand, advanced monitoring systems are used to collect real-time operating parameters such as voltage, current, and frequency of the generator, and to predict voltage trends through data analysis models. Once the voltage deviates from the normal range, the system immediately issues a warning and automatically adjusts the operating parameters of the generator, such as adjusting the prime mover speed, optimizing the excitation system control strategy, etc., to achieve rapid voltage recovery and stability.

　　維護管理：守護電壓穩(wěn)定的防線

　　Maintenance management: a defense line to safeguard voltage stability

　　日常維護管理是確保發(fā)電機電壓穩(wěn)定的重要保障。定期檢查發(fā)電機的勵磁系統(tǒng)，確保勵磁繞組、碳刷等部件接觸良好，無磨損、老化或松動現(xiàn)象。因為勵磁系統(tǒng)故障是導(dǎo)致電壓不穩(wěn)定的常見原因之一，若碳刷磨損嚴重或接觸不良，會影響勵磁電流的穩(wěn)定傳輸，進而造成電壓波動。同時，對發(fā)電機的電壓調(diào)節(jié)器進行校準(zhǔn)和調(diào)試，定期檢查其各項參數(shù)設(shè)置是否準(zhǔn)確，確保在不同工況下都能正常工作。此外，保持發(fā)電機的清潔也不容忽視，焦化廠環(huán)境中粉塵、焦炭顆粒較多，這些雜質(zhì)若進入發(fā)電機內(nèi)部，可能會影響繞組絕緣性能和散熱效果，進而引發(fā)電壓異常。需定期清理發(fā)電機外殼及內(nèi)部積塵，做好防潮、防腐措施，為發(fā)電機創(chuàng)造良好的運行環(huán)境。

　　Daily maintenance management is an important guarantee for ensuring the stability of generator voltage. Regularly inspect the excitation system of the generator to ensure that the excitation winding, carbon brushes, and other components are in good contact and free from wear, aging, or looseness. Because excitation system failure is one of the common causes of voltage instability, severe wear or poor contact of carbon brushes can affect the stable transmission of excitation current, leading to voltage fluctuations. At the same time, calibrate and debug the voltage regulator of the generator, regularly check whether its various parameter settings are accurate, and ensure that it can work normally under different working conditions. In addition, maintaining the cleanliness of the generator cannot be ignored. There are many dust and coke particles in the coking plant environment. If these impurities enter the interior of the generator, they may affect the insulation performance and heat dissipation effect of the winding, thereby causing voltage abnormalities. Regular cleaning of the generator casing and internal dust accumulation is required, and moisture-proof and anti-corrosion measures should be taken to create a good operating environment for the generator.

　　應(yīng)急處理：快速化解電壓危機

　　Emergency response: Quickly resolve voltage crisis

　　即便采取了全面的預(yù)防措施，電壓異常情況仍可能因突發(fā)因素而發(fā)生。因此，制定完善的應(yīng)急處理預(yù)案至關(guān)重要。當(dāng)出現(xiàn)電壓驟降或驟升時，操作人員應(yīng)迅速判斷故障原因。若是外部電網(wǎng)波動導(dǎo)致，可啟用備用電源或穩(wěn)壓器，維持關(guān)鍵設(shè)備的臨時供電；若是發(fā)電機自身故障，立即按照操作規(guī)程停機檢查，排查勵磁系統(tǒng)、電壓調(diào)節(jié)器、繞組等部件，及時修復(fù)或更換損壞元件。同時，建立故障記錄和分析機制，每次電壓異常事件處理完畢后，對故障原因、處理過程進行詳細記錄和分析總結(jié)，以便后續(xù)針對性地改進維護管理措施，提升發(fā)電機電壓的穩(wěn)定性和可靠性。

　　Even with comprehensive preventive measures taken, voltage anomalies may still occur due to unforeseen factors. Therefore, it is crucial to develop a comprehensive emergency response plan. When there is a sudden drop or rise in voltage, the operator should quickly determine the cause of the fault. If caused by external power grid fluctuations, backup power sources or voltage regulators can be activated to maintain temporary power supply for critical equipment; If the generator itself malfunctions, immediately shut down and inspect according to the operating procedures, check the excitation system, voltage regulator, winding and other components, and promptly repair or replace damaged components. At the same time, establish a fault recording and analysis mechanism. After each abnormal voltage event is handled, detailed records and analysis summaries of the fault cause and handling process should be made in order to improve maintenance management measures and enhance the stability and reliability of the generator voltage in the future.

　　在焦化生產(chǎn)的電力保障中，維持發(fā)電機電壓正常是一項系統(tǒng)工程。從前期的精準(zhǔn)選型、運行中的智能調(diào)控，到日常維護管理與應(yīng)急處理，每個環(huán)節(jié)都緊密相連。只有做好每一個細節(jié)，才能讓焦化發(fā)電機的電壓如同定海神針般穩(wěn)定，為焦化生產(chǎn)的安全、高效運行提供堅實的電力支撐。

　　Maintaining normal generator voltage is a systematic project in the power guarantee of coking production. From precise selection in the early stage, intelligent control during operation, to daily maintenance management and emergency response, every link is closely connected. Only by paying attention to every detail can the voltage of coking generators be as stable as a sea needle, providing solid electrical support for the safe and efficient operation of coking production.

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